Fault-Tolerant Design for High- Availability EV Charging Networks

Abstract

Electric vehicle charging networks are emerging as high-availability cyberphysical infrastructures in which faults can disrupt charging continuity, active sessions, and overall service reliability. Existing studies have examined EV charging reliability, resilience, fault detection, anomaly-aware monitoring, and cyber-physical vulnerability, showing that dependable operation requires more than isolated fault awareness. However, the literature remains fragmented across reliability analysis and resilience assessment, leaving a gap in unified designs that combine redundancy, failover, fault isolation, and degraded-mode operation for sustained service availability. To address this issue, this article presents a fault-tolerant cyber-physical design for EV charging networks built on local fault sensing, replicated session-state control, redundant communication paths, and recovery-aware failover logic. The results show improved service availability, shorter recovery time, stronger charging-session continuity, and better fault containment under communication, controller, hardware, and hybrid fault scenarios. Overall, the study demonstrates that high availability in EV charging infrastructure is best achieved through resilience-aware architectural design.